Are there any Ahadith regarding wearing of a head covering by men (1) at all times, (2) during Salaat (prayer), (3) while reading or listening Qur'an, (4) while eating?

There are a large number of Ahaadith establishing that it was the practice of Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) to use a turban, a few of which are below.

Hadhrat Ubaadah (Radhiallaahu Anhu) reports that Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, 'Make a practice of tying turbans since it is a hallmark of the angels.' (Mishkaat)

Hadhrat ibn Abbaas (Radhiallaahu Anhu) reports that Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) would sometimes wear a Topee (hat) with a turban and sometimes without a turban. Sometimes, he would wear a turban without the headgear. He would wear a white Yemeni Topee which was sewn. During battles, he would wear a Toppee (headgear) that covered his ears. (Turban, Kurta, Topee, pg.18 from Masnad of Riyaani and Taareekh of ibn Asaakir)

Allaamah Munaawi (Radhiallaahu Anhu) comments that wearing the Topee without the turban refers to Nabi's (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) occasional practice while at home. He (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) would not venture outdoors without the turban. It can be ascertained from this commentary that it was his opinion that Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) would always wear a turban in public.

From the above discussion, it can be deduced that Nabi (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) always had his head covered.

and Allah Ta'ala Knows Best

Mufti Bilaal Cassim
FATWA DEPT.

CHECKED AND APPROVED CORRECT: Mufti Ebrahim Desai