Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah

What is the bare minimum that needs to be done for a nikah to be valid?

· 2 Rabiʻ I 1442 AH1 min readFatwa 46351English

Question

What is the bare minimum that needs to be done for a nikah to be valid?

Answer

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.

The minimum requirements for a Nikah to be valid are:

Both parties must be present (or their appointed representatives).

A proposal (Iejaab) is offered by the male or female and acceptance (Qubool) by the male or female, respectively, in the past and/or present tense.

The proposal and acceptance must be carried out in one setting (majlis),

In the presence of two male witnesses (or its equivalent) who understand that a marriage ceremony is taking place.[i][i]

And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best

Mohammed

Student Darul Iftaa

UK

Checked and Approved by,
Mufti Ebrahim Desai.

References (Arabic / Urdu sources)

[ii][i] اللباب في شرح الكتاب (3/ 3)
(ولا ينعقد نكاح المسلمين) بصيغة المثنى (إلا بحضور شاهدين حرين بالغين عاقلين مسلمين) سامعين معاً قولهما فاهمين كلامهما على المذهب كما في البحر

أحكام الشرعية في الأحوال الشخصية

يجوز للزوج وللزوجة أن يتوليا عقد نكاحهما بأنفسهما وأن يوكلا به من شاءا

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 9)

(وَيَنْعَقِدُ) مُتَلَبِّسًا (بِإِيجَابٍ) مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا (وَقَبُولٍ) مِنْ الْآخِرِ (وَضْعًا لِلْمُضِيِّ) لِأَنَّ الْمَاضِيَ أَدَلُّ عَلَى التَّحْقِيقِ (كَزَوَّجْتُ) نَفْسِي أَوْ بِنْتِي أَوْ مُوَكِّلَتِي مِنْك وَ) يَقُولُ الْآخَرُ (تَزَوَّجْت، وَ) يَنْعَقِدُ أَيْضًا (بِمَا) أَيْ بِلَفْظَيْنِ (وُضِعَ أَحَدُهُمَا لَهُ) لِلْمُضِيِّ (وَالْآخَرُ لِلِاسْتِقْبَالِ) أَوْ لِلْحَالِ

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 1)

وَمِنْ شَرَائِطِ الْإِيجَابِ وَالْقَبُولِ: اتِّحَادُ الْمَجْلِسِ لَوْ حَاضِرَيْنِ، وَإِنْ طَالَ كَمُخَيَّرَةٍ

الدر المختار وحاشية ابن عابدين (رد المحتار) (3/ 23)

(قَوْلُهُ: فَاهِمَيْنِ إلَخْ) قَالَ فِي الْبَحْرِ: جَزَمَ فِي التَّبْيِينِ بِأَنَّهُ لَوْ عَقَدَا بِحَضْرَةِ هِنْدِيَّيْنِ لَمْ يَفْهَمَا كَلَامَهُمَا لَمْ يَجُزْ وَصَحَّحَهُ فِي الْجَوْهَرَةِ، وَقَالَ فِي الظَّهِيرِيَّةِ: وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ يُشْتَرَطُ فَهْمُ أَنَّهُ نِكَاحٌ وَاخْتَارَهُ فِي الْخَانِيَّةِ فَكَانَ هُوَ الْمَذْهَبَ، لَكِنْ فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ: لَوْ يُحْسِنَانِ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ فَعَقَدَا بِهَا وَالشُّهُودُ لَا يَعْرِفُونَهَا اخْتَلَفَ الْمَشَايِخُ فِيهِ وَالْأَصَحُّ أَنَّهُ يَنْعَقِدُ. اهـ.

لَقَدْ اخْتَلَفَ التَّصْحِيحُ فِي اشْتِرَاطِ الْفَهْمِ. اهـ.

وَحَمَلَ فِي النَّهْرِ مَا فِي الْخُلَاصَةِ عَلَى الْقَوْلِ بِاشْتِرَاطِ الْحُضُورِ بِلَا سَمَاعٍ وَلَا فَهْمٍ: أَيْ وَهُوَ خِلَافُ الْأَصَحِّ كَمَا مَرَّ، وَوَفَّقَ الرَّحْمَتِيُّ بِحَمْلِ الْقَوْلِ بِالِاشْتِرَاطِ عَلَى اشْتِرَاطِ فَهْمِ أَنَّهُ عَقْدُ نِكَاحٍ وَالْقَوْلُ بِعَدَمِهِ عَلَى عَدَمِ اشْتِرَاطِ فَهْمِ مَعَانِي الْأَلْفَاظِ بَعْدَمَا فُهِمَ أَنَّ الْمُرَادَ عَقْدُ النِّكَاحِ

Answered by
Mohammed
Checked & approved by
Mufti Ebrahim Desai
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Source: Darul Iftaa Mahmudiyyah — https://askimam.org/public/question_detail/46351
Fatawa SA: https://fatawa.co.za/fatwa/askimam-46351

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